Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ni ubuhe?

Intangiriro

Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ni inzira yo kongeramo inyandiko z'ubucuruzi ku gitabo rusange cya Bitcoin ku bicuruzwa byashize.Igitabo cyibikorwa byashize byitwaguhagarikankurunigi rwaguhagarika.UwitekaguhagarikaKurikwemezagucuruza kumurongo usigaye nkuko byabaye.Umuyoboro wa Bitcoin ukoresha urunigi rwo gutandukanya ibikorwa byemewe bya Bitcoin no kugerageza kongera gukoresha ibiceri bimaze gukoreshwa ahandi.

Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bwateguwe nkana kugira ngo butange imbaraga kandi bugoye ku buryo umubare w’ibiboneka buri munsi n'abacukuzi ukomeza guhagarara.Guhagarika kugiti cyawe bigomba kuba bifite icyemezo cyakazi kigomba gufatwa nkicyemewe.Iki kimenyetso cyakazi kigenzurwa nizindi Bitcoin buri gihe bakiriye blok.Bitcoin ikoreshahashcashgihamya-y'akazi.

Intego yibanze yubucukuzi ni ukwemerera imitwe ya Bitcoin kugera kubwumvikane bwizewe, butarwanya tamper.Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro nuburyo bukoreshwa mu kwinjiza Bitcoin muri sisitemu: Abacukuzi bahembwa amafaranga yose y’ubucuruzi kimwe n '“inkunga” y’ibiceri bishya.Ibi byombi bikora intego yo gukwirakwiza ibiceri bishya muburyo bwo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage kimwe no gushishikariza abantu gutanga umutekano kuri sisitemu.

Ubucukuzi bwa Bitcoin bwitwa cyane kuko busa nubucukuzi bwibindi bicuruzwa: busaba imbaraga kandi buhoro buhoro butuma ibice bishya bigera kubantu bose bifuza kubigiramo uruhare.Itandukaniro ryingenzi nuko itangwa ridaterwa nubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro.Muri rusange guhindura abacukuzi bose hashpower ntabwo bihindura umubare wibiceri byakozwe mugihe kirekire.

Ingorane

Kubara-Ikibazo

Gucukura amabuye biragoye kuko SHA-256 hash yumutwe wumutwe igomba kuba munsi cyangwa ihwanye nintego kugirango umurongo wemerwe numuyoboro.Iki kibazo gishobora koroshya intego zo gusobanura: Hash yo guhagarika igomba gutangirana numubare runaka wa zeru.Amahirwe yo kubara hash itangirana na zeru nyinshi ni nke cyane, kubwibyo bigomba kugerageza byinshi.Kugirango tubyare hashya hash buri ruziga, anonceni Byiyongereye.RebaIcyemezo cy'akazikubindi bisobanuro.

Ibipimo bigoye

Uwitekaingoraneni igipimo cyukuntu bigoye kubona blok nshya ugereranije nibyoroshye bishobora kuba.Yongeye kubarwa buri bice bya 2016 kugeza ku gaciro kuburyo ibice byabanjirije 2016 byari kubyara ibyumweru bibiri iyo abantu bose bacukura amabuye y'agaciro.Ibi bizatanga umusaruro, ugereranije, blok imwe buri minota icumi.Nkuko abacukuzi benshi bifatanya, igipimo cyo guhagarika ibikorwa cyiyongera.Mugihe igipimo cyo guhagarika ibisekuru byiyongera, ingorane zirazamuka kugirango zishyurwe, zifite impirimbanyi zingaruka kubera kugabanya igipimo cyo guhagarika-kurema.Inzitizi zose zarekuwe nabacukuzi babi batujuje ibisabwaintego igoyebizangwa gusa nabandi bitabiriye umuyoboro.

Igihembo

Iyo ikibanza kivumbuwe, uwabivumbuye arashobora kwiha umubare runaka wibiceri, byemeranijweho nabantu bose murusobe.Kugeza ubu iyi mpano ni bitoin 6.25;agaciro kazagabanya kabiri buri 210.000.RebaKugenzura Amafaranga.

Byongeye kandi, umucukuzi ahabwa amafaranga yishyuwe nabakoresha kohereza ibicuruzwa.Amafaranga nishimwe kubacukuzi kugirango bashyire mubikorwa muri blokisiyo yabo.Mu bihe biri imbere, kubera ko umubare w’abacukuzi ba bitcoin bemerewe gukora muri buri gice kigabanuka, amafaranga azaba afite ijanisha ry’ingenzi ry’amafaranga yinjira mu bucukuzi.

Urusobe rw'amabuye y'agaciro

Ibyuma

Abakoresha bakoresheje ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho mugihe cyo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro.Ibisobanuro byibyuma nibarurishamibare birambuye kuriKugereranya ibyuma byubucukuziurupapuro.

Ubucukuzi bwa CPU

Abakiriya ba mbere ba Bitcoin verisiyo yemerera abakoresha gukoresha CPU zabo kubanjye.Kuza kwa GPU gucukura byatumye ubucukuzi bwa CPU butagira ubukungu kuko hashrate y'urusobe rwiyongereye ku buryo umubare w'ibiceri byakozwe n'ubucukuzi bwa CPU wabaye munsi y'ibiciro by'ingufu zo gukoresha CPU.Ihitamo rero ryakuwe kumurongo wibanze wumukiriya wa Bitcoin.

Ubucukuzi bwa GPU

Ubucukuzi bwa GPU bwihuta cyane kandi bukora neza kuruta ubucukuzi bwa CPU.Reba ingingo nkuru:Kuki GPU icukura vuba kurusha CPU.Ubwoko butandukanye bukunzweubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciroByanditswe.

Ubucukuzi bwa FPGA

Ubucukuzi bwa FPGA ninzira nziza kandi yihuse yo gucukura, ugereranije nubucukuzi bwa GPU kandi buruta cyane ubucukuzi bwa CPU.Ubusanzwe FPGA ikoresha ingufu nkeya cyane hamwe nigipimo kinini cya hash, bigatuma ikora neza kandi ikora neza kuruta ubucukuzi bwa GPU.RebaKugereranya ibyuma byubucukuzikubikoresho bya FPGA ibisobanuro n'imibare.

Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro

Porogaramu yihariye ihuza uruziga, cyangwaASIC, ni microchip yateguwe kandi ikorwa kubwintego yihariye.ASICs yagenewe ubucukuzi bwa Bitcoin yasohotse bwa mbere muri 2013. Kubwinshi bw'ingufu bakoresha, zirihuta cyane kuruta ikoranabuhanga ryabanje kandi rimaze gutuma ubucukuzi bwa GPU butagira ubukungu mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe.

Serivisi zo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro

Abashoramarigutanga serivisi zubucukuzi nibikorwa byagenwe namasezerano.Bashobora, kurugero, gukodesha urwego rwihariye rwubucukuzi bwamabuye yagenwe mugihe cyagenwe.

Ibidengeri

Mu gihe abacukuzi benshi barushanwaga mu gutanga amasoko make, abantu basanze bakora amezi menshi batabonye aho bahagarara kandi bahabwa ibihembo kubera ubucukuzi bwabo.Ibi byatumye ubucukuzi bwikintu cyurusimbi.Kugirango bakemure itandukaniro mubacukuzi binjiza batangiye kwishyirirahoibidengerikugirango bashobore kugabana ibihembo neza.Reba ubucukuzi bwuzuye kandiKugereranya ibizenga.

Amateka

Igitabo rusange cya Bitcoin ('umurongo wo guhagarika') cyatangiye ku ya 3 Mutarama 2009 saa 18:15 UTC bishoboka ko Satoshi Nakamoto.Igice cya mbere kizwi nkagenesi.Igicuruzwa cya mbere cyanditswe mugice cya mbere nigikorwa kimwe cyishyura ibihembo 50 bitoin kubayiremye.